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floral games
Floral Games were any of a series of historically related poetry contests with floral prizes. In Occitan, their original language, and Catalan they are known as ''Jocs florals'' (; modern Occitan: ''Jòcs florals'' (:ˈdʒɔks fluˈɾals), or ''floraus'' (:fluˈɾaws)).〔Archaic spelling ''Jochs Florals''〕 In French they became the ''Jeux floraux'' (). The original contests may have been inspired by the Roman Floralia (''Ludi Floreales'') held in honour of Flora.
==Toulouse==
The original floral games of the troubadours were held by the Consistori del Gay Saber in Toulouse, annually from 1324, traditionally on 1 May. One contestant would receive the ''violeta d'aur'', golden violet, for the poem judged the best. The second prize was a silver wild rose (''eglantina''), and the other prizes, awarded for particular poetic forms, were similarly floral. The first prize was awarded on 3 May 1324 to Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari for a ''sirventes'' in praise of the Virgin Mary. The contests were held intermittently until 1484, when the last prize was awarded to Arnaut Bernart de Tarascon. From this period of 160 years survive the record of around a hundred prizes. These contests were judged in accordance with the ''Leys d'amor'', a grammatical and literary treatise on Occitan poetry.
Initially the floral games were intended to keep alive the poetic language and style of the Occitan troubadours, but in time this aim was forgotten. In 1471 the golden violet was awarded to Peire de Janilhac ''n'ostan qu'el fos Frances, per so que dictec el lengatge de Tholosa'': notwithstanding that he was French, because he composed in the language of Toulouse.〔Paden, 183.〕 In 1554 the Constistori, now the Collège, awarded a silver eglantine rose to none other than Pierre de Ronsard, the greatest French poet of his generation, for his ''Amours''. During the Enlightenment, Fabre d'Églantine received his name from the dog rose the Collège bestowed on him. The Consistori, as the Académie des Jeux floraux, continues to function.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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